Here is a list of all of the charms/spells that may be used.
Accio: Brings an object to you.
Aguamenti: Creates a gush of water from the tip of the spell caster's wand.
Alohomora: Opens locks.
Aparecium: Makes invisible ink become visible
Avada Kadavra: The Unforgivable Curse; Kills your opponent. (This will get you expelled from Hogwarts, and in Azkaban!)
Avifors: Turns things into birds.
Avis: Makes birds fly out of the end of your wand.
Bombarda: Causes a small, locally contained explosion. To make a bigger explosion, one could use "bombarda maxima"
Colloportus: Closes a door and binds it so that it can't be opened.
Confringo AKA the Blasting Curse: Causes the item targeted to explode.
Confundus: Confounds your target, or makes them temporarily confused.
Conjunctivitis: Damages the eyesight of your opponent, making them seem to have pink eyes.
Crucio: The Second Unforgivable Curse, the Cruciatus Curse; Tortures your opponent mercilessly.(Forbidden in Hogwarts, will get you expelled and sent to Azkaban!)
Deletrius: Erases the last spell cast by a wand so that it can't be discovered.
Densaugeo: Makes teeth grow out of control.
Diffindo: Makes seams split open, severs an object into two pieces.
Dissendium: Opens a specific passageway into a cellar, may be useful in other instances; may be only a password.
Duro: Turns an item to stone.
Enervate: Mistaken spell.
Engorgio: Makes an item larger, as in swollen.
Episkey: Heals relatively minor wounds.
Evanesco: Causes an item to immediately dissolve away, as if it had never existed.
Expecto Patronum: Creates Patronus.
Expelliarmus: Disarms the target of the spell, such as knocking their wand out of their hand.
Fera Verto: Transforms animals into water goblets!
Ferula: Binds a broken limb with a splint and bandages, tightly wrapped.
Fidelius: Allows a secret to be hidden within the secret keeper's soul; very powerful spell.
Finite Incantatem: Stops any spell.
Flagrate: Allows the user to write or draw in the air with fire.
Flipendo: Also known as theKnockback Jinx, pushes or flips something backwards.
Furnunculus: Causes a person to break out in boils.
Geminio: Creates a duplicate of an item.
HomorphusMan-Shape: Makes a werewolf or person disguised as an animal resume their human shape.
Immobulus: Immobilizes the target.
Impedimenta: Puts up an impediment that slows down something or someone that is coming toward you.
Imperio: The third unforgivable curse. Allows the user to assume complete control of another person. (Again, forbidden to use in Hogwarts and will get you expelled and into Azkaban!)
Impervius: Repels water from a surface.
Incarcerous: Conjures up ropes, which then bind an opponent.
Incendio: Lights a fire.
Legilimens: Allows the user to gain access to another's mind and memories.
Levicorpus: Turns your opponent upside down and dangles them in thin air.
Liberacorpus: "Liberates", or frees a body that has been caught up by the levicorpus spell.
Locomotor Mortis: The Leg-Locker Curse; locks an opponent's legs together.
Lumos: Creates light, usually by making the tip of the wand glow. More light can be created using"lumos maxima"
Mobiliarbus: Used to move a tree from one place to another.
Mobilicorpus: Used to move a body from one place to another.
Muffliato: Causes a buzzing noise to surround a limited area so that those in the area can carry on a private conversation.
Nox: Extinguishes light, used to douse the light created by "Lumos"
Obliviate: Makes a person "oblivious", erasing their memories of an event.
Orchideous: Conjures a bunch of flowers from the user's wand.
Petrificus Totalus: Total petrification; petrifies an opponent totally.
Point Me: The Four Point Spell; makes the user's wand act like a compass.
Portus: Turns any item into a Portkey, which can then be used to transport a person or persons to another location.
Prior Incantato: Reveals to you the last spell that a wand was used to cast.
Protego: Protects the user, and sends a spell back on an opponent.
Quietus: Makes things quiet, used to muffle "Sonorus".
Reducio: Shrinks an item.
Reducto: Blasts solid objects into pieces.
Relashio: Releases something from being constrained or held.
Rennervate: Means to energize or wake up.
Reparo: Repairs broken items.
Repello: Repels something.
Repello Muggletum: Makes an area invisible to Muggles.
Revelio: Causes something that is hidden to be revealed.
Rictusempra: Causes a person to curl up in laughter, as if being tickled.
Riddikulus: Makes a boggart assume a "ridiculous" form, therefore making it funny instead of terrifying.
Salvio Hexia Unclear: seems to strengthen other protective spells, or to deflect any hexes cast toward a specific location.
Scourgify: Used to clean dirt or other material off of a surface.
Sectumsempra: Causes lacerations to appear all over an opponent's body, as if they had been cut by an invisible sword.
Serpensortia: Conjures a snake.
Silencio: Makes the target of the spell unable to make any sound
Sonorus: Amplifies the user's voice.
Stupefy: Stupefies an opponent, or knocks them insensible temporarily.
Tarantallegra: Forces an opponent's legs to dance uncontrollably.
Tergeo: Scours something clean.
Waddiwasi: Removes a stuck object, as in a wad of gum that is stuck in a keyhole.
Wingardium Leviosa: Allows the user to make an object levitate.